
Government
Local governments provide vital resources to the community. Studying the government is vital in developing communities that are healthy, safe and engaged. Explore this page to learn about the government in the Pikes Peak region.

Report Summary:
Government
Local governments provide vital services to develop communities that are healthy, safe, and vibrant. The Colorado Springs Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is comprised of El Paso and Teller counties.
Government Summary
Local governments provide vital services to develop communities that are healthy, safe, and vibrant. The Colorado Springs Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is comprised of El Paso and Teller counties.
In Colorado, counties are not independent governmental units but political subdivisions of state government that are authorized to carry out the will of the state. El Paso and Teller counties possess only such powers as are conferred by the state. This report examines key measures for monitoring local government effectiveness, including voter participation, budget integrity, credit rating, debt load, and tax burden.
Learn More - Government Summary
- 82.5% of adults in the Colorado Springs MSA were registered to vote in 2022.
- 69.2% of adults in the Colorado Springs MSA voted in the 2020 general election (turnout rate of 84.0% of those registered to vote). In the 2022 general election, local turnout was 62.0%
- In 2023 El Paso County total general fund expenditures per capita were $349 and Teller County’s were $913.
- Since 2015 El Paso County has had a credit rating of Aa1 and the city of Colorado Springs is rated Aa2 – obligations for both are of high quality and subject to very low credit risk.
- In 2022, Colorado residents were estimated to pay $6,699 per capita in state and local taxes.
Key Indicators
The Colorado Springs Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is comprised of El Paso and Teller counties. In Colorado, counties are not independent governmental units but political subdivisions of state government that are authorized to carry out the will of the state. El Paso and Teller counties possess only such powers as are conferred by the state.
El Paso County is the most populous in the state. Colorado counties may have a three or five-member board of commissioners. El Paso County voters chose in 1976 to have a five-member board, with each commissioner representing a district of equal population; district boundaries are adjusted by the board every two years. The most recent adjustment was made in 2023. The board meets weekly on Tuesdays at 9 a.m. at Centennial Hall, 200 S. Cascade Ave., Suite 100, in Colorado Springs.

1 El Paso County
Teller County was created from portions of El Paso and Fremont counties in 1899, at the end of a decade when the gold boom saw the population of the Cripple Creek mining district grow from a few dozen people to more than 50,000. Cripple Creek is the county seat, while Woodland Park is its largest city. Teller County has three commissioners who are elected at large from the members of three geographic districts. They serve up to two four-year terms. Meetings are normally held on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays of each month at the Centennial Building, 112 North A St. in Cripple Creek.2
More than half of the metropolitan area residents live the city of Colorado Springs. Since 2011 the city government has used a mayor-council system. The mayor serves as the chief executive for the city’s government and the city council is the legislative branch. The mayor is not a member of the city council but may participate in city council meetings. The Colorado Springs City Council is made up of nine officials who are elected for four-year terms. Citywide residents elect three council members at-large. Citizens in each of six equally-populated precincts elect an additional council member to represent them.3
This report examines key measures for monitoring local government effectiveness, including voter participation, budget integrity, credit rating, debt load, and tax burden.
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Voter Registration & Participation
An engaged and vibrant community is characterized by a high rate of participation in the democratic process. Voting is a fundamental way to become involved with this process. Combined, El Paso and Teller counties have nearly half a million registered voters.
4 El Paso County Clerk & Recorder, Teller County Clerk & Recorder, U.S. Census Bureau
Between El Paso and Teller Counties, 62.0% of registered voters took part in the 2022 general election. This ranked 3rd among 6 peer communities.
11 Colorado Secretary of State, El Paso County Clerk & Recorder, Idaho Secretary of State, New Mexico Secretary of State, Texas Secretary of State
Budgeting Ratio
As governments collect and spend money on behalf of the public, they must do so responsibly. They should not dramatically overspend, such that the public debt increases, nor should they dramatically underspend, such that public monies are withheld from being spent for the public good.
How well governments achieve this balance is described by the budgeting ratio, which is calculated by dividing the general fund expenditures by general fund revenues. The closer to 100%, the better the balance.
Budgeting ratios were calculated over several years for both Colorado Springs counties as well as three cities in the region, using data from their comprehensive annual financial reports.
12 El Paso County Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports, Teller County Financial Statements
13 City Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports
Budgeting ratios were also calculated for 2023 for the largest county in each peer community. All counties’ revenue exceeded expenses by at least 6%.
21 County Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports
Debt Per Capita
City and county governments, school districts, fire districts, utilities, and other public entities commonly take on long-term debt. This allows the construction cost of buildings and other infrastructure to be paid back over time by those who use or are served by the facilities. Due to jurisdictions overlapping, many cities and counties publish statements of “direct and overlapping debt” to report the share of public debt borne by residents.
In Colorado Springs MSA, three cities provide this calculation in their comprehensive annual financial report. In the city of Colorado Springs, per capita local debt is slightly greater than the most recent available state average of $8,143 (2021). In Fountain and Woodland Park, per capita debt is well below the state average.22
23 City of Colorado Springs Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports, Colorado State Demography Office
24 City of Fountain Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports, U.S. Census Bureau, City Planning Department
25 City of Woodland Park Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports, U.S. Census Bureau, Colorado State Demography Office
A weighted average of those cities, which comprise 69% of the metro population, is used in the following peer comparison chart as an estimate for Colorado Springs MSA. For peer communities, the largest available cities or counties that cited overlapping debt calculations are used. In 2023, Colorado Springs ranked 5th of 6 communities for lowest local government debt. However, if area residents living outside municipal boundaries had been included, total per-capita debt would likely have been lower.
32 2020 City and county Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports, U.S. Census Bureau
Counties with a higher per-capita gross product can sustain a higher level of per-capita debt. As a percentage of per-capita gross product, Colorado Springs MSA’s local government debt in 2023 was 13.0%, which ranked 6th of 6 peer communities.
Credit Rating
As with individuals and companies, the creditworthiness of local governments impacts the rate at which they can borrow, whether by commercial loans or bond issues. Three credit bureaus—Moody’s Investors Service, S&P Global (formerly Standard & Poor’s), and Fitch Ratings— assign ratings to various bond issues and sometimes assign a long-term credit rating to the issuer itself. In 2011, Moody’s upgraded the City of Colorado Springs’ rating from Aa3 to Aa2, a rating that was affirmed in November 2022. El Paso County was issued a rating of Aa1 in 2010, which was affirmed most recently in November 2022. The following table explains the investment-grade Moody’s ratings tiers and how local governments compares to peers.

State & Local Tax Burden
Data on the effective rate of state and local taxes is primarily available at the state level. Tax Foundation’s calculations are favored because they account for “tax exporting,” which adjusts for the portion of taxes—20% nationally—that is paid by out-of-state residents.46 This includes sales tax paid by tourists, property tax on vacation homes, and severance tax on oil and mineral extraction.47
In 2024, Colorado residents are projected to pay $6,387 per capita in state and local taxes. As a percentage of economic output, the Colorado state-and-local tax burden was 9.7% in fiscal 2022, which was less than the U.S. average of 10.3% and ranked as the 17th lowest of 50 states.48
49 Tax Foundation
Compared to the nation as a whole, Colorado and all but one of the peer-community states have a lower-than-average tax burden. Colorado ranks 27th nationally for overall tax climate—7th for corporate tax, 13th for individual income tax, 38th for property tax and 40th for sales tax.53
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Behind the Scenes
Sources
References
References
1 El Paso County website, https://bocc.elpasoco.com/#1518019269958-b15cd39a-1cb9; map, https://epc-assets.elpasoco.com/wp-content/uploads/Map-6-V2-Precinct-Moves.pdf and https://bocc.elpasoco.com/#1518019269958-b15cd39a-1cb9 accessed July 31, 2024.
2 Teller County website, https://www.tellercounty.gov/395/Teller-County-History, https://www.tellercounty.gov/Board-of-County-Commissioners-BOCC, accessed July 31, 2024.
3 City of Colorado Springs website, https://coloradosprings.gov/mayors-office/page/mayor-council-form-government, accessed July 31, 2024.
4 Population age 18+ from U.S. Census Bureau (see note 5); Registered voters from El Paso County Clerk, https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/CO/El_Paso/115926/web.307039/#/summary, https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Wlmgm-BhDqHKaL7agNnrj9kNpsB2fchn and https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1wa-7fFKxYP6CyvPr8OLHoIlFOBdoArY5/edit#gid=1301826200 (2012-2018); also from Teller County Clerk & Recorder, https://www.tellercounty.gov/318/Previous-Election-Results, accessed Oct. 19, 2024. Colorado state data (https://www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections/Results/Archives.html) records slightly fewer registered voters for Colorado Springs year over year (and therefore slightly higher turnout percentages); that data is not used in this report.
5 While not everyone in the U.S. 18+ population is eligible to vote (non-citizens and incarcerated people among them), the adult population provides a proxy that is available and comparable across MSAs. U.S. Census Bureau estimates by county and year from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2023/counties/asrh/cc-est2023-agesex-08.csv and https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2010-2020/counties/asrh/CC-EST2020-AGESEX-08.csv, accessed Sept. 2, 2024.
6 Population age 18+ from U.S. Census Bureau (see note 5); Registered voters from Idaho Secretary of State, https://sos.idaho.gov/elections-division/2022-voter-turnout/, accessed July 31, 2024.
7 Registered voters from Texas Secretary of State, https://www.sos.texas.gov/elections/historical/nov2022.shtml; accessed July 31, 2024; population age 18+ from U.S. Census Bureau (see note 5).
8 Population age 18+ from U.S. Census Bureau (see note 5); Registered voters from New Mexico Secretary of State, https://electionresults.sos.nm.gov/?eid=2838, accessed July 31, 2024.
9 Population age 18+ from U.S. Census Bureau (see note 5); Registered voters from Colorado Secretary of State, https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/Results/Abstract/2022/general/turnout.html, accessed July 31, 2024.
10 USA national registration and turnout from U.S. Census Bureau, “2022 Voting and Registration Data Now Available,” May 2, 2023, https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023/2022-voting-registration.html , accessed Nov. 8, 2024.
11 2022 turnout statistics at county level aggregated to produce MSA-level data. Colorado Secretary of State https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/Results/Abstract/2022/general/turnout.html; El Paso County Clerk & Recorder https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/CO/El_Paso/115926/web.307039/#/summary; Idaho Secretary of State, https://sos.idaho.gov/elections-division/2022-voter-turnout/; Texas Secretary of State, https://www.sos.texas.gov/elections/historical/nov2022.shtml;
New Mexico Secretary of State, https://electionresults.sos.nm.gov/?eid=2838. All sites accessed July 31, 2024.
12 El Paso County, Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports, 2016-2023, p. 41 (2016, 2017), 42 (2018, 2019), 44 (2020), 45 (2021), 48 (2022), 47 (2023), from https://admin.elpasoco.com/financial-services/budget-finance/comprehensive-annual-financial-reports/, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Teller County Financial Statements, 2016-2023, p. 8 (all years), from https://www.tellercounty.gov/Archive.aspx?AMID=39, accessed Oct. 19, 2024.
13 City of Colorado Springs, Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports 2016-2023, p. 32 (2016), 31 (2017) 32 (2018, 2019), 34 (2020), 36 (2021, 2022, 2023); from links at https://coloradosprings.gov/accounting/page/annual-comprehensive-financial-report-acfr; City of Woodland Park, Colorado, Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports, 2016-2020, p. 4 (2016), 18 (2017), 16 (2018), 7 (2019, 2020), 8 (2021, 2022), from https://city-woodlandpark.org/Archive.aspx; City of Fountain, Colorado, Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports, 2016-2023, p. 5 (all years), from https://www.fountaincolorado.org/government/city_departments___divisions/city_administration/finance/comprehensive_annual_financial_report and https://dola.colorado.gov/lgis/municipalities.jsf, all accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
14 Boulder County, Colorado, 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, p. 50, from https://bouldercounty.gov/government/budget-and-finance/financial-reports/certified-annual-financial-report/, accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
15 El Paso County, Annual Comprehensive Financial Report 2023, p. 47, https://admin.elpasoco.com/financial-services/budget-finance/comprehensive-annual-financial-reports/ accessed, Sept. 1, 2024.
16 Teller County, Colorado, Financial Statements for the Year Ending Dec. 31, 2023, p. 9, https://www.tellercounty.gov/Archive.aspx?AMID=39, accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
17 Travis County, Texas, Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, year ending Sept. 30, 2023, p. BFS 12, from link at https://financialtransparency.traviscountytx.gov/FinancialDocuments, accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
18 Ada County Idaho, Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, year ending Sept. 30, 2023, p. 32, https://adacounty.id.gov/clerk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2024/03/FY23-ACFR-Online.pdf, accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
19 Bernalillo County, NM, Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, year ending June 30, 2023, pp. 38-39. From link at https://www.bernco.gov/oeo-sandbox/county-accounting-budget/comprehensive-annual-financial-reports-cafr/, accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
20 Larimer County, Colorado, Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, 2023, p. 26, https://www.larimer.gov/sites/default/files/2023_acfr.pdf, accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
21 County Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports. See detail in notes 14-20.
22 El Paso County Annual Comprehensive Financial Report 2023, , pp. 47 (expenses), 188 (population), https://admin.elpasoco.com/financial-services/budget-finance/comprehensive-annual-financial-reports/. Teller County Financial Statements for the Year Ending Dec. 31, 2023, https://www.tellercounty.gov/Archive.aspx?ADID=199, p. 9. Teller population from U.S. Census Bureau 2023 Vintage, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2023/counties/asrh/cc-est2023-agesex-08.csv; All accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
23 City of Colorado Springs Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports, 2016-2023, pp. 315 (2023), 301 (2022), 297 (2021), 287 (2020), 277 (2019), 275 (2018), 259 (2017), 268 (2016). Via https://coloradosprings.gov/accounting/page/annual-comprehensive-financial-report-acfr, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Population estimates from the Colorado Department of Local Affairs as cited in the city’s CAFR reports, pp. 318 (2023), 304 (2022), 300 (2021), 290 (2020), 280 (2019), 278 (2018), 262 (2017), 271 (2016). All accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
24 City of Fountain, Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports, 2016-2023, pp. 87, 89, 91 (2023);
90, 92, 94 (2022); 90, 92, 94 (2021 & 2020), 86, 88, 90 (2019), 89, 91, 93 (2018), 88, 90, 92 (2017), 84, 86, 88 (2016). Via Colorado General Assembly’s local government portal, https://apps.leg.co.gov/osa/lg/local_govs/291, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Population estimates from U.S. Census Bureau and city planners depending on year, as cited in the ACFRs. All accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
25 City of Woodland Park Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports, 2016-2022, pp. 61, 64, 65 (2022)
61, 64, 65 (2021), 58, 61, 62 (2020 & 2019), 68, 71, 72 (2018), 70, 73, 74 (2017), 59, 62, 63 (2016). Via https://city-woodlandpark.org/Archive.aspx, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Population estimates from Colorado Department of Local Affairs, as cited in ACFRs. All accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
26 Boulder County, Colorado, 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, pp. 258, 259, 263, from https://bouldercounty.gov/government/budget-and-finance/financial-reports/certified-annual-financial-report/, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Population estimates as cited in report.
27 Ada County Idaho, Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, year ending Sept. 30, 2023, pp. 119, 121, 124, https://adacounty.id.gov/clerk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2024/03/FY23-ACFR-Online.pdf; Canyon County (ID) 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, p. 112, https://www.canyoncounty.id.gov/elected-officials/clerk/auditor/ , accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Population estimates as cited in reports.
28 City of Colorado Springs 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, p. 315, 318, https://coloradosprings.gov/accounting/page/annual-comprehensive-financial-report-acfr; City of Fountain 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, pp. 87, 89, 91, from https://apps.leg.co.gov/osa/lg/local_govs/291; City of Woodland Park (CO) 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, p. 61, 64. 65, https://www.city-woodlandpark.org/Archive.aspx?AMID=39. All accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Population estimates as cited in reports.
29 Bernalillo County (NM) 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, pp. 195, 196 from https://www.bernco.gov/oeo-sandbox/county-accounting-budget/comprehensive-annual-financial-reports-cafr/; Population estimate as cited in report. All accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
30 City of Fort Collins Annual Comprehensive Financial Report 2023, pp. 191, 192, 195, from https://www.fcgov.com/finance/annual-financial-reports; City of Loveland (CO) Annual Comprehensive Financial Report 2023, pp. 143, 144, 147, from https://www.lovgov.org/services/finance/administration/financial-reports/annual-comprehensive-financial-report-acfr. Population estimate as cited in report. All accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
31 Travis County (TX) Annual Comprehensive Financial Report for FY Ended Sept. 30, 2023, p. ST-31, https://financialtransparency.traviscountytx.gov/FinancialDocuments; Williamson County (TX) Annual Comprehensive Financial Report FY 2023, p. 170; from https://wilco.mygovcenter.com/cms/cms?id=82, all accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Population estimates as cited in reports. All accessed Sept. 1, 2024.
32 County and City Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports, U.S. Census Bureau. See detail in notes 26-31.
33 Moody’s Investors Service, Rating Symbols and Definitions, Nov. 2023, p. 6, https://www.moodys.com/researchdocumentcontentpage.aspx?docid=PBC_79004, accessed Sept. 3, 2024. Registration required.
34 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Boulder-City-of-CO-credit-rating-600024089/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
35 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Fort-Collins-City-of-CO-credit-rating-600001929/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
36 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Bernalillo-County-of-NM-credit-rating-600025487/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
37 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Larimer-County-of-CO-credit-rating-600028252/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
38 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Travis-County-of-TX-credit-rating-600028591/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
39 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Austin-City-of-TX-credit-rating-600026395/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
40 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Boise-City-of-ID-credit-rating-600028045/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
41 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Ada-County-of-ID-credit-rating-600024367/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
42 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/El-Paso-County-of-CO-credit-rating-600007780/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
43 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Colorado-Springs-City-of-CO-credit-rating-600007644/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
44 Moody’s Investors Service, https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Albuquerque-City-of-NM-credit-rating-21015/ratings/view-by-issuer, accessed Sept. 1, 2024. Registration required.
45 Moody’s Investors Service (See detail in notes 33-39.)
46 Tax Foundation, a non-profit tax policy think tank, defines tax burden as state and local taxes paid by a state’s residents, divided by that state’s share of net national product. https://taxfoundation.org/publications/state-local-tax-burden-rankings/, accessed August 31, 2024. Tourism gives Coloradans a favorable tax-export balance compared to other states.
47 For information on Colorado severance taxes, see the state auditor’s report: https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/documents/audits/1928p_severance_taxes.pdf, accessed Sept. 3, 2024.
48 York, Erica, and Jared Walczak, State and Local Tax Burdens, Calendar Year 2022, Tax Foundation, p. 9. https://files.taxfoundation.org/20220407173521/State-and-Local-Tax-Burdens-2022..pdf. For additional detail about Colorado rates and collections, see https://taxfoundation.org/state/colorado; both sites accessed August 31, 2024. An alternate source that focuses on amounts collected by states and local jurisdictions without accounting for tax exporting include is WalletHub, McCann, Adam, “Tax Burden by State,” April 2, 2024 (Colorado 8.42%, ranking 27th-lowest nationally) per https://wallethub.com/edu/states-with-highest-lowest-tax-burden/20494, accessed Sept. 3, 2024.
49 Tax Foundation, “Facts & Figures 2024: How Does Your State Compare?” April 3, 2024, Table 2, pp. 6-7. https://taxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FF24-v3.pdf, accessed August 27, 2024.
50 In 2022, Colorado Springs MSA per capita gross product ($62,583) was 74.4% of the statewide per capita gross product ($84,110). Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2020 Vintage data tables CAGDP2 and SAGDP2N for gross product (https://apps.bea.gov/itable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=70&step=1); U.S. Census Bureau 2023 Vintage mid-year estimates for population (MSA: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2023/counties/asrh/cc-est2023-agesex-08.csv; state estimate from https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-state-total.html ). All accessed August 27, 2024.
51 El Paso County’s property tax rate is 0.72% per https://treasurer.elpasoco.com/county-treasurer/property-tax-statement-explanation/#1522106650600-9ffc5b6c-7c83. Due to senior exemptions and other considerations, the effective rate is estimated at 0.47% per http://www.tax-rates.org/colorado/el_paso_county_property_tax, which is slightly above the state average of 0.45% per https://taxfoundation.org/location/colorado/. All links accessed Sept. 3, 2024.
52 York, Erica, and Jared Walczak, State and Local Tax Burdens, Calendar Year 2022, Tax Foundation, Table 3, p. 11. https://taxfoundation.org/data/all/state/tax-burden-by-state-2022/, accessed August 31, 2024.
53 Walczak, Jared, and Andrey Yushkov and Katherine Loughead, Tax Foundation, “2024 State Business Tax Climate Index,” October 24, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/state/2024-state-business-tax-climate-index/, accessed August 31, 2024.
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